Hydrantula

1. Problem: there is no simple, environmentally friendly and inexpensive way of marine engineering construction of durable structures in shallow water, which are of interest to a private customer. The existing methods require a specialized fleet, heavy equipment and highly qualified personnel, carrying out work in the water area. Budgets of such definitly skyrocket.
2. From the very beginning, we focused on the selfcost, compactness and low weight of the "product". Obviously, the formwork of a marine foundation as high as a 2-storey building and with an area like a decent apartment (even disassembled) will be very cumbersome and expensive to transport. We have sought to minimize the number of "original" structural elements that will have to be developed, manufactured and distributed worldwide. Therefore, 70% in value (and almost 92% in

weight) finished structures are typical building materials that are widely available on the market. The customer (Contractor) can always purchase them on site without overpaying for their delivery from the Hydrantula plant.
 3. HDPE pipes (= cylinders) allow you to confidently hold the shape during filling with liquid concrete [even rigidity of the material is low] - due to geometry. The formwork material - HDPE or LLDPE polyethylene is the cheapest (and most mass-produced) plastic in the world. With a market value of about $ 1.5/kg .
4. The low weight of the finished [assembled] formwork allows you to abandon floating cranes, barges and use just conventional construction equipment. Concrete pump, concrete mixer, crane. The ducted concrete supply system allows you to abandon the shvings and increase the maximum installation distance to the

shore.
5. In ground construction, the main force acting on all building structures is gravity. All other forces (wind, snow) are usually relatively weak. Therefore, the optimal form of the supporting structure on land is a column. In a large body of water, the structure experiences alternating wave and ice loads, winter tidal effects, debris impacts during a storm, and icing. And force act at different water levels. The direction of the forces acting in the water (except gravity) is absolutely unpredictable - anisotropic. The higher the marine column, the greater the lever, the forces acting on it, and the more massive the pile (and the barge for installation) should be. This means that it is much more difficult to install it exactly in place. And a more massive upper grillage is needed. The optimal design for the sea is a 3-dimensional truce. However, assembling it

underwater is an incredibly difficult and expensive process. Therefore, it must be done on the shore and lowered "as a whole" to a permanent site. Unlike piles (even very massive ones) - a traditional metal truss requires the use of large specialized vessels - no barge can complete such task. This is economically justified only for the petroleum or gas platforms or specialized marine terminals. The economy leaves no room for private buildings, sports and recreation. The openwork truss (made of any material) has an extremely low wave resistance and does not cause bottom erosion or sediment, and also does not prevent the spawning of aquatic organisms. It provides maximum strength in water with minimal weight.
6. Assortment.
We have minimized the required assortment of fittings for the assembly of

the structure - due to widespread use of binary sockets and supersymmetries. A binary socket is a pipe attachment point in a fitting that is "turned off" (hermetically sealed) from the factory by default, but could be "turned on" (drilled) using an ordinary crown and drill. This allows you to use the same fitting in different positions of the structure and in different qualities (corner, side, bottom, top, etc.), without violating the overall watertightness of the formwork.
Supersymmetry is a way to use a different set of beam sockets in the same fitting due to its rotation. This allows you to replace the "right" and "left" (or bottom and top) fittings with one universal one.
As a result, the designs of the S3, Y4, R3 fitting families can be assembled using just one fitting.
7. The volumetric rigidity of the foundation.
 Most land foundations for low-rise

construction have strict requirements for the height of the foundation. The forces of frost heaving in cold climates can "break" or "skew" almost any foundation that does not have a reliable and uniform support over the entire surface of the sole and is not laid below the ground freezing level. As a result, most of the foundations being built - do not have sufficient (calculated) rigidity to perceive the weight of the house as a monolith and completely redistribute it along the sole of the foundation. The existing technologies for the construction of marine foundations are created by analogy with land-based ones. The classic is a field of piles united from above in a grillage. This approach limits the choice of materials for piles [wood, steel, aluminum] - only those that can be easily connected with a grillage directly above the water. And it makes the construction of structures at depths of more than 3-4 meters excessively material-intensive (you

need to take into account the lever of force!)
When building marine foundations, the thickness (height) of the structure is not a limiting factor (rather, on the contrary), and there is no ice heaving if there is no freezing to the bottom of the water reservoir. Therefore, the design of a foundation capable of redistributing the weight of the house to a few points of the sole has significant practical value. And it allows you to reduce the cost of exploration and do without drilling a lot of piles to a "rocky" base.
 8. Free Stand / Reliance on "sleds". The volumetric rigidity of the Hydrantula foundation makes it possible to dispense a strong connection with the seabed on most types of soil and perceive the weight of a useful structure through horizontal bottom "sleds". This not only reduces the cost of constructing a marine structure,

but also makes it relatively easy to dismantle it.
However, if necessary, HYDRANTULA can be attached to the seabed with screw piles.
9. Excessive connections.
 In water bodies, in addition to gravity, there are many other forces (loads) that can damage a building structure. They act in other directions. To achieve volumetric rigidity and the ability to perceive anisotropic, alternating loads, HYDRANTULA structures have a large number of multidirectional rods and beams. Up to 20 units per fitting [node]. This allows you to use a standard fitting at different points of the structure (3D truss) and save on the construction materials.

 10. Wet concreting.
 Traditionally, products made of marine concrete are cast either on the shore or at

site, but in a "dry" way - a caisson (cofferdam) is built around the future concrete body. The water is pumped out of the caisson (usually it has to be done 24/7 due to leaks). The product is concreted to the level of the water reservoir. Then the cofferdam is flooded and sorted out. Assembling/disassembling a cofferdam can cost up to 80% of the total cost of work and working time. Our formwork is adapted to water desalination and wet concreting under water. This dramatically reduces the construction time, its cost and the amount of wet work at aquatoria.

11. Dry formwork assembly. Most 3D farms are made of metal and assembled "on bolts" in sections or entirely, but "lying down" and installed locally by cranes. Even on land, it is often "difficult", and if there is no good road to the installation site, then helicopters have to be used. Assembling

3D farms in water is an extremely difficult and dangerous task. An empty (without concrete) Hydrantula weighs less than 15% of the total (working) weight. This greatly simplifies its assembly on shore and delivery to the installation site in the water area.
12. Assembly.
Excessive node links creates significant difficulties for the assembly of structures. Overcoming them requires a number of original solutions and strict adherence to the algorithms that we have developed.